Power, Possession, and Disease in Volpone - Literature Essay Samples

Before delving into the tense relationship between power, possession, and disease in Jonson’s Volpone, it is first necessary to sift through the forbearing tensions between â€Å"profit and pleasure† that Jonson mentioned in the Prologue of the play. Firstly, the early forms of the text presented illustrations of the author as well as elaborate designs within and around the text. This alone implies the notion of mixing profit with pleasure because the intricate designs and illustrations are aesthetically pleasing as well as appearing to be a sort of marketing tactic for the text. The alluring qualities of these illustrations and designs seem intended to bring in the most profit while also being an aspect of pleasure in the material work itself. Jonson believed that plays were â€Å"poetry in performance† and early dramatists referred to ‘plays’ as ‘poems’† (Bednarz 91). With this in mind, the early materials of the play itself seem ed very cognizant of the performative purpose of the play, and the elaborate artistry surrounding earlier versions seems to be a performance (as well as perhaps a marketing tactic) in itself. However, the profit that has thus far been discussed is mainly monetary profit, but it is also interesting to think about the aspects of moral profit that Jonson intended his audience to gain. Mixing profit with pleasure would also be inclusive of the moral profitability portrayed through the entertainment of Jonson’s plays. What’s interesting perhaps is that Jonson explicitly states his intention of providing a moral lesson through his work when he says his â€Å"special aim being to put the snaffle in their mouths that cry out, ‘we never punish vice in our interludes’† and that it is â€Å"the office of a comic poet to imitate justice and instruct life, as well as purity of language or stir up gentle affections† (Jonson 38-9). Because of this, there is no subtlety in the idea that the audience is actually intended to â€Å"learn† a lesson through Jonson’s plays. This might be a bit problematic because if the audience is notifie d that they are supposed to be gaining a moral from the play, this might nullify the impact of the actual moral. On the other hand, this explicitly stated intention of providing a moral lesson might also make the audience more cognizant of the moral being presented because of the emphasis put upon it. Additionally, by exploiting his intention of moral presentation, this seems to emphasize the tensions between profit and pleasure because this moral seems perhaps a bit â€Å"forced† onto the audience since Jonson was so adamant about portraying a moral in his work. Something else that seems rather problematic about the idea of profit and pleasure is the tensions that exist between Jonson’s literary self and his actual self. As previously stated, Jonson was rather vocal about his intentions to teach morals in his plays, but there seems to be a disconnection between the morals he wants people to learn and the person he was individually. In the Epistle, he mentions an â€Å"impossibility of any man’s being a good poet without first being a good man,† and he also mentions that his works are created â€Å"from a most clear conscience† regarding â€Å"profaneness† (Jonson 34-5). However, Jonson was notorious for his problem with alcohol, starting bar fights, and once even killing an actor. This seems hardly moral at all, yet Jonson was (and still is) decidedly a â€Å"good poet.† This doesn’t necessarily make him necessarily hypocritical regarding his actions and his work, but instead perhaps, since he was from the lower class, emphasizes his desire to criticize issues amidst his own struggles – or his seemingly un-virtuous actions could also be seen as his outward frustration with society, thus creating his passion to write plays with explicit morals. However, what might actually come across as hypocritical behavior is the interesting tension between Jonson’s criticism of wealth and ownership while also being serious and nearly obsessed about claiming his plays and works as his own. Jonson clearly had a strong infatuation with the idea of â€Å"owning† his works and being associated with them as well as with the classical genres – another reason why it is important to note that his illustration is juxtaposed with another that includes the many allusions to the classical. Again, the fact that he came from the lower class could also be a reason why he felt compelled to criticize issues such as wealth and ownership. In the Epistle, Jonson mentions â€Å"my works are read, allowed (I speak of those that are entirely mine)† which indicates that he is fairly serious about which works are solely his and, in a way, he deserves credit for them (Jonson 35). This also emphasizes the notion that Jonson’s wor ks are perhaps (at least in his eyes) more valuable than his contemporaries because his works are moral and thus allowed to be performed and read (again, this is a reason why he wanted to be so closely connected to the classical genres). He also discusses the idea that other writers’ â€Å"natures are inverted,† which puts him directly in contrast with them because he is making the distinction between himself and other writers who perhaps don’t write with the intention of providing a moral for the good of the public. Furthermore, â€Å"when [Jonson] had his name printed in large letters across the title-page of Volpone, he appropriated both its performed and published versions† (Bednarz 100). Perhaps a reason why he is so adamant about establishing ownership as well as a close association with classical ties is so audiences will recognize his plays (both read and attended) as offering moral lessons. Instead of being solely obsessed with the ownership of h is plays, there seems to be a higher purpose to Jonson’s adamancy that he owns his plays, as if he is saying â€Å"these are mine because I do this whereas others do that† regarding morality. Even though Jonson’s claim and obsession of ownership over his works could be problematic, it appears that this obsession stems from his desire to make a distinction between himself and the â€Å"poetasters† that write (in his opinion) rather vulgar plays that don’t â€Å"punish vice.† Delving into the play itself, the criticism of wealth, ownership, and power is prevalent throughout its entirety. Mosca and Volpone both find much pleasure in manipulating people in cunning ways in order to gain a personal profit or possess something. However, what’s interesting is that Volpone seems transfixed on the power material and monetary wealth bring whereas Jonson’s obsession with â€Å"possession† is mainly about his plays depicting moral works and ideas. This distinction almost absolves Jonson from perhaps a label of â€Å"hypocrite† since he only desires to claim possession of works intended for the betterment of society. In Volpone, there is a rather strong (and somewhat strange) relationship going on between this power, possession, and illness. Firstly, the very first line in this play is spoken by Volpone when he says â€Å"good morning to the day; and next my gold! Open the shrine that I may see my saint. Hail the world’s soul, and mine† (Jonson 47). This already presents an emphasis on ownership and material wealth because the first thing Volpone thinks of upon his awakening is gold – not only that, but his gold. Furthermore, Volpone refers to his gold as his â€Å"saint,† thus rendering it a holy relic instead of something simply material. On a disturbingly literal level, it’s already clear that Volpone essentially worships his monetary possessions and claims them to be the very substance that the world is made of because it is the â€Å"world’s soul† as well as his own. By equating himself with the world’s soul, Volpone is also indirectly stating that he himself is the world. Shortly after, Volpone says â€Å"O thou son of Sol, but brighter than thy father, let me kiss with adoration, thee, and every relic of sacred treasure in this blessed room† (Jonson 48).This obsession with wealth and the ownership of it has been even further transformed in these lines. Sol, as per the footnotes, is very easily interpreted as â€Å"the sun personified† while also â€Å"punning on ‘soul’† (Jonson 48). Within the first few pages of the play, there has already been a very tight association made with sol/sun and soul, which establishes a centrality in the piece while the literal sol/sun is central to the earth’s revolution, and Volpone has already seemed to make the distinction that he is also the center of the world since his monetary wealth is his soul as well as the world’s. There are many very disturbing ways to think about this, but the one that seems most prevalent is perhaps the idea that Volpone, in a sense, desires to own the world (or the soul of it) but also owns himself since he has made an odd association with himself by conflating his and the world’s soul, sol, and this notion of centrality that they imply. In addition to this, the most obvious association is the notion that money and wealth is very central to the play since it is precisely the monetary wealth that has been equated with the sol/soul. Mosca says the interesting line of â€Å"riches are in fortune a greater good than wisdom is in nature† (Jonson 49). Mosca and Volpone find great pleasure in manipulating others in order to gain wealth, and this line seems to equate this central notion of money along with not only the soul, but the ability to be cunning in obtaining wealth. In a convoluted way, there has been a price put upon the soul, but there is also the value of being able to acquire this money/soul – the money is a tangible means of measurement for the â€Å"price of the soul† or the â€Å"possession of wealth.† In an even more convoluted way, this creates the notion that the wealth owns the person rather than vice versa. This creates an association to power because cunningness is the  "powerful† trait that allows the characters (mainly Mosca and Volpone) to obtain whatever wealth they may have. However, monetary wealth is not the only wealth that is presented. Volpone seems to â€Å"possess† people as well as money. For the first play-within-a-play, Volpone commands that Mosca â€Å"call forth my dwarf, my eunuch, and my fool, and let ‘em make me sport† (Jonson 50). Instead of using terms such as â€Å"the† dwarf, Volpone uses â€Å"my,† which makes it very clear that Volpone possesses these individuals for his own entertainment as well as Mosca (in a sense) since it is Mosca that he is commanding to â€Å"call forth† his entertainment. This notion is exploited even further when Volpone starts to equate this idea with women when he says â€Å"I’ll take her absence upon any price, with any loss† regarding Lady Politic (Jonson 124). This brings into play the notion that a person can be bought as well as disposed of for a price. This becomes even more horrific regarding the treatment of Celia. To start, Corvino mentions to Celia â€Å"you were an actor, with your handkerchief, which he most sweetly kissed in the receipt† (Jonson 104). Though this line seems to perhaps not carry so much weight, the word â€Å"receipt† carries the emphasis on a sort of transaction or purchase occurring – Volpone has â€Å"bought† Celia (or at least her attention, thus far). Corvino later says â€Å"what is my gold the worse for touching? Clothes, for being looked on?† when he is talking to Celia, and this implies not only the sort of transaction that gold can go through but also people – particularly Celia in this case. To make the matter even more intense, the exchange between Volpone and Celia is most disturbing in the exploitation of the idea that people can be possessions as well as money. Celia first says â€Å"is that which ever was a cause of life now placed beneath the basest circumstance, and modesty an exile made, for money?† which essentially points out that i t is fairly absurd that a person and their â€Å"modesty† can be purchased monetarily. Volpone then reiterates this in a way by saying â€Å"he that would sell thee, only for hope of gain, and that uncertain, he would have sold his part of Paradise for ready money† (Jonson 132). Furthermore, the value of a person is emphasized when Volpone says â€Å"thou hast in place of a base husband found a worthy lover. Use they fortune well, with secrecy and pleasure,† which doesn’t simply reiterate the notion that people can be bought but begins to put a price on perhaps the â€Å"assets† or â€Å"fortune† a person has (Jonson 134). The idea that a person can purchased to become a possession of another is heavily emphasized in this play through these examples. Beyond the notion of possessing money or people, there are a couple other notions of possession that occur within the play that seem significant. One of these is the possession of illness, which is emphasized when an Avocatore says â€Å"these possess wealth as sick mean possess fevers, which trulier may be said to possess them† (Jonson 206). This line associates (or rather compares) wealth and illness and even transforms the idea of possession into one of â€Å"being possessed.† In this way, the wealth that Volpone has accrued actually possesses him, and the illness that he has been feigning from the very beginning of the play in his effort to obtain wealth seems to possess Volpone as well. Volpone was never actually â€Å"ill,† but by this new definition Volpone was actually ill this entire time – sick with wealth, thus making wealth a disease. In fact, all the characters in this play are so infatuated with wealth that by definition they all would be sic k. The introduction to this edition of Volpone mentions that the Christian concept of demonic possession is present in this play as well, but â€Å"what really possesses all of [the characters] is greed for gold† (Jonson 11). Perhaps what is also most interesting is one of Volpone’s earlier lines when he says â€Å"I rather pity their folly and indiscretion than their loss of time and money, for those may be recovered by industry, but to be a fool born is a disease incurable† (Jonson 95, emphasis mine). Regarding previously discussed notions, Volpone seems to be the most diseased of all, yet he is the one giving the definition of who is diseased. Thinking back upon Jonson, this is a very interesting (and ingenious) way to critique wealth and the search for it. As aforementioned, Jonson came from the lower class, and it seems that he is making some serious critique in this line regarding who is diseased and who is not. One cannot help the class that they are born into per se, but morals and character are things that a person has much agency over. Being born a â€Å"fool† here, when Jonson’s very voiced moral intentions are taken into account, seems to mean a person born believing that possession, wealth, and power are the only valuable things in the world is the true fool instead of the person born into poverty. In this way, it’s almost as if Volpone is unaware that he is admitting he is the fool since he essentially worships wealth, possession, and power – and he is thus diseased both falsely through his feigned disease and literally through his obsession with wealth. Linking this to the notion of power, it seems as if illness is inextricably (and perhaps a bit difficultly) associated with wealth and power. As previously discussed, there is a tangled (but brilliant) relationship between wealth and possession where wealth is the center of the world and the ability to obtain it through the power of cunningness is also where much of its value lies. If an individual is able to â€Å"possess† wealth or people, then they most likely have the power of cunningness to obtain this wealth. In short, if a person possesses things, they will have power. However, with the line â€Å"these possess wealth as sick men possess fevers,† the connection between power, possession, and illness has come full circle (Jonson 206). By being wealthy, the characters are sick, but this seems to imply that the more wealth a person obtains (through the power of cunningness), the sicker a person becomes. This explains many of the â€Å"power switches† that occ ur throughout the play as in Act 3 where Volpone and Mosca exchange power as well as in Act 4 when Voltore seems to have the most power. All of the characters are cunning as well as seeking greedily for wealth, and because power, possession, and disease have been fused into essentially a single entity, all of the characters are sick – which allows these shifts to happen. To push this even further, the acting done by the characters (or rather actors) ties up these concepts even more. To a large degree, the â€Å"real† Volpone is never portrayed in this play because he is always so busy pretending to be something or someone that is he not. In a strange sense, it seems that whoever Volpone pretends to be, he becomes. Interestingly, the only time Volpone seems to be actually Volpone is when he is talking to Mosca in the first act and explicitly states his own name. This is really the only time that Volpone’s name is mentioned, and it essentially one of the only times where Volpone is actually not pretending to be something he is not (Jonson 77). With this in mind in regards to all that has already been discussed, it seems very plausible that Volpone is pretending to be something he is. He can only be Volpone in that brief moment when he declares that he is Volpone, but all throughout the rest of the play he is not Volpone, but in not being Volpone he is very much being Volpone (if that makes sense). In the beginning Volpone pretends to be dying, but since the real Volpone is never significantly portrayed, it’s almost as if he was never alive to begin with. Similarly, Volpone feigned sickness in the beginning, and he even mentions that â€Å"first I feigned diseases; now I have one† about Lady Politic (Jonson 121). Regarding the previous discussion about power, possession, and illness, it would then seem that Volpone was never feigning illness at all because his wealth was an illness therefore he was actually pretending to be something that he perpetually is – diseased through wealth. Additionally, Volpone’s â€Å"acting and the power this gives him over other people excites Volpone more than either gold or sexual possession† as mentioned in the introduction (Jonson 13). Volpone’s acting has now been equated to power, and by default has then been associated to disease and corr uption – Volpone’s illness was never fake, rather it was simply not the illness he thought it was. Strangely, in his pretending, he fooled even himself because being the actual â€Å"fool born,† he never realized that his wealth was his disease. Though it’s all rather tangled up into what might perceived as a congealed conceptual mess, there is indeed a tight relationship going on between power, possession, and disease, as well as acting/pretending. They are so inextricably linked that it seems almost impossible to sift through them individually to pull them apart, which is frustrating while also being brilliant that they are equated with each other so masterfully and exploited so horrifically that it’s impossible not to think about Jonson’s claims about providing morally based plays (or poems) that punish vice. Linking back to the tensions between Jonson and ownership as well as being a â€Å"good man† in order to be a â€Å"good poet,† it does seem that, though Jonson was far from perfect, intrinsically he could be a good man – this being emphasized through his intentions regarding his work – and perhaps his creations were the result of him trying to improve his public portr ayal (or even himself) as well as provide a moral lesson for the betterment of society. Wealth, possession, and power are all part of the same disease, as well as the means of obtaining one another. Works Cited Jonson, Ben. Volpone. Edited by Brian Parker and David Bevington. Revels. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1999. Bednarz, James P. â€Å"New Directions: Jonson’s Literary Theatre: Volpone in Performance and Print (1606 – 1607).† Volpone: A Critical Guide. London: Continuum, 2011.

Article Review . Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett,

Article Review Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M. (2016). How Financial Cutbacks Affect the Quality of Jobs and Care for the Elderly. ILR Review,69(4), 991-1016. doi:10.1177/0019793916640491 Introduction: The purpose of this article is to illustrate how financial cutbacks affect job quality as well as quality of care (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 991). The article further goes on to predict that ongoing and accelerated cost places pressure on facilities that ultimately affects the quality of jobs and care in nursing homes based on their approach. The quality of residential care is a global concern and as the number of aging adults only grows, this concern will only grow (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., †¦show more content†¦The authors posed a question on whether or not the financial objectives of a â€Å"for profit† or â€Å"non-profit† play a role in the quality care. This study lacks the examination of whether or not these nursing homes have the resources to organize certain work processes or the actual outcomes they achieve in terms of care. The authors again use the two different approaches throughout the article to determine whether thes e approaches and financial cutbacks affect the quality of workforce that ultimately affect the quality of care residents receive (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 995). Methods: The authors took a qualitative design to their research to developed an understanding why the quality of care varied across several nursing homes (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 995). This study included 12 different nursing homes which consist of a mixture of non-profit and for profit nursing homes and residential living communities over the course of three years (2009-2012). Each nursing home varied from 10 to 65 bed facilities that varied in the terms of the level of care provided. Field research consisted of repeated site visits to each nursing home or living community, interviews, and observations. Each visit to the different nursing communities lasted from four to six weeks. During this time, the authors conducted 175 different interviews including department heads, nurses, caregivers, residents, and family or relatives of the

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â€Å"There is always a rainbow after every rain storm†, was a quote that was preached to me many times throughout my childhood. I never truly believed it since I had a harsh childhood; but it wasn’t until I was about thirteen years old, a freshman in high school, that I started to see the beginning of the rainbow. My father was in a rough place in his life and had bumped into one of our family friends, Josue Tapia, whom we haven’t seen in months. Josue, or as we like to call him Don Hector, has been in an unstable position just like my dad. After a few minutes of talking Josue said that he knew how to turn my dad’s life around for the better. He was very interested in this conversation, and was willing to take the opportunity. Sitting down in the living room watching television with my sister and mother, when suddenly my dad walked in saying, â€Å"So guess who I saw today?† My mother faced him and said, â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Don Hector, and he invited us to church and I think we should go.† â€Å"Wow. This is new. Why do you want to go? â€Å" â€Å"I just think it will be a great opportunity for me to change and be a better person not only for me but for us as a family.† â€Å"Okay yes! If that will make you happy, we can go,† she said with a smile on her face. It was Sunday morning, I woke up to loud music playing outside my front lawn. I walked outside my front door and saw my dad singing along with a huge smile on his face. I walked back inside my house with a smirk on my face because I enjoyed seeing himShow MoreRelatedInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4.4 Dutch Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.5 German Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.6 African Influence on American English †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 4.7 Influence of Later Immigrants †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sources †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. INTRODUCTION The United States is a society of immigrants. Ever since its formation in 1776, and even before that, the UnitedRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesDictionary. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1. Includes an English-Igbo finderlist 2. Aims to be comprehensive (the Igbo-English section is pages 3-175) and does not identify with a specific dialect although locations are occasionally marked after particular lexical entries. 3. Marks the subdotted vowels with a diaeresis, thus á » ¥ appears as à ¼. 4. Marks tone with bracketed symbols following the word, thus (HL). Downstep, rising and falling tones are not marked. 5. Is virtually without scientificRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWhat Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differ ences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal AssessmentRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesOutcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in theRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessurrounding these cases and situations are the same today as they were twenty years ago. Unfortunately we seem to be repeating several of the mistakes made previously. Recommendations for enhancements and changes to future editions of the text are always appreciated. The author can be contacted at Phone: 216-765-8090 e-mail: hkerzner@bw.edu Harold Kerzner Baldwin-Wallace College Part 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES As companies approach some degree of maturity in project management, it

2000 Election Essay Research Paper I have free essay sample

2000 Election Essay, Research Paper I have selected to compose about the 2000 election and who the two major campaigners are and what their programs and thoughts are for the presidential place. This subject has interested me since the beginning of the New Year. With two footings stoping for President Bill Clinton, the new election has had a batch at interest. At one terminal of the ring there is Vice President, Democrat, Al Gore in the Hunt for the presidential place. The other terminal is Republican, Governor of Texas, George W. Bush following in his male parent s footfalls. No affair the campaigner s party, each of them has many thoughts and programs if they are elected. Democratic campaigner, Al Gore, is our current frailty president. Gore soon 52 is from Washington, D.C. , and has a great trade of political experience. He has held a place in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1977-85, the U. S. Senate from 1985-93, and has been Vice President since 1993. Gore besides has past military experience functioning in the Army from 1969-71. When asked about the of import issues confronting the U.S. today such as ; Education, Foreign Policy, Health Care, Social Security and Taxes this is some of Gore s places on each. For instruction he wants to utilize $ 170 billion of budget excesss for an Education Reform Trust Fund that would finance cosmopolitan preschool, enroll high-quality instructors, addition wages of instructors, cut down category size so that there is one instructor for every 20 or fewer pupils, and construct new schools or overhaul existing 1s. Plus, guarantee that there # 8217 ; s a qualified instructor in every schoolroom. Besides, usage province appraisals and answerability systems to place failing schools and do certain they are improved rapidly and to honor schools that are wining. In Foreign Policies Gore supports a strong military, but favors the decrease of arms of mass devastation. He besides supports free trade, human rights, favours spread outing NATO, and supports comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Gore besides has a passion with the environment. As a senator he became an expert on planetary heating, the depletion of the ozone bed, the devastation of the rain wood, and new Earth friendly engineering. ( www.infoplease.com/spot/algore.html ) He supports strongly environmental protection. As for Health Care Gore thinks there should be coverage for every kid by 2005 by spread outing the Children # 8217 ; s Health Insurance Program ( CHIP ) , which financess province plans with federal money. The program would cover kids in households gaining up to 250 per centum of the poorness degree ( about $ 41,000 for a household of four ) . ( The program presently covers those kids in households that earn up to 200 per centum of the poorness degree. ) Gore # 8217 ; s program would let households that earn more than the 250 per centum to purchase into CHIP or Medicaid. He would besides let uninsured parents buy into CHIP. Besides allow people between the ages of 55-65 to purchase into Medicare. Gore supports Patients # 8217 ; Bill of Rights that would vouch patients critical wellness protections and entree to specializers, give patients the ability to appeal determinations by HMOs, and expand patients # 8217 ; and physicians decision-making functions. Gore s thoughts about Social Security are giving all Social Security Surpluses to Social Security and debt decrease. Opposes raising retirement age. Would widen solvency of Social Security through 2054 by beef uping Social Security by utilizing long-run involvement nest eggs. Dedicate all Social Security money to the trust fund # 8220 ; lock box # 8221 ; that would merely be used to pay benefits to retired persons. His thought s for revenue enhancements are as follows ; pay off national debt by 2012, dedicate the full Social Security excess to cut downing the national debt and beef uping Social Security, would so use the ensuing involvement nest eggs to beef up the Social Security Trust Fund, would increase the Earned Income Credit net incomes threshold, would utilize the $ 2.17 trillion non-Social Sec urity excess for $ 480 billion in targeted revenue enhancement cuts ; $ 360 to beef up the Medicare plan ; $ 870 billion in disbursement on domestic plans ; $ 300 billion would be left as a â€Å"rainy twenty-four hours fund.† Choosing Senator Joseph Lieberman as his running mate, Vice President Al Gore has a all right prevarication to walk on. Gore picked Lieberman for his strong moral compass and uprightness. Lieberman has been to the right of Gore on several issues. He portions the frailty presidents positions on the environment, abortion, gun control and civil rights. He besides favors free trade. Lieberman is besides the first Jew on the ticket of a national party. He is an Orthodox Jew, which prevents him from working or siting in vehicles from sundown on Friday to sundown on Sunday. George W. Bush is the 46th Governor of the State of Texas and the Republican campaigner for President of the United States. Bush, presently 54, has been Governor of Texas since 1995. He was besides a campaigner for U.S. House of Representatives in 1978. His military experience is functioning in the Texas National Guard for 6 old ages. When asked about the of import issues confronting the U.S. today such as ; Education, Foreign Policy, Health Care, Social Security and Taxes this is some of Bush s places on each. For instruction Bush wants to make a $ 500 million inducement fund to honor provinces for bettering pupil accomplishment. Schools that don # 8217 ; t better would hold a part of their federal support diverted to rent schools. He wants to give provinces control over criterions and proving. Besides, he wants to make a Charter School Homestead Fund to supply $ 3 billion in loan warrants to assist construct or better 2,000 charter schools. On the Foreign Policy issue Bush opposes Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, unlike Gore who supports it. He besides supports decrease of arms of mass devastation, like Gore. He favors a missile defence system and supports utilizing force to support U.S. critical involvements in the universe. Health Care Bush supports giving Medicare receivers freedom to take between federal and private prescription drug benefit programs. He would give provinces freedom to spread out Children # 8217 ; s Health Insurance Program to cover as many kids as possible, and would give $ 2,000 health-care recognition to households that don # 8217 ; t measure up for Medicaid and are non covered by private programs. Persons would have $ 1,000 recognition. On Social Security he wants to merely wish Gore, give all Social Security money to the trust fund # 8220 ; lock box # 8221 ; that would merely be used to pay benefits to retired persons. He opposes any revenue enhancement addition for Social Security and opposes authorities investing of Social Security in private stocks or bonds. Supported riddance of Social Security net incomes bound. His thoughts on Taxs are to increase one-year part bound on tax-advantaged Educational Savings Accounts from $ 500 to $ 5,000, and expand their range to beyond college and down to kindergarten. He would wish to extinguish the decease revenue enhancement, and the national debt by 2016. Besides like Gore, Bush would utilize the $ 2.17 trillion non-Social Security excess for a $ 1.3 trillion revenue enhancement cut ; $ 475 billion in disbursement on domestic plans ; and $ 265 billion in a # 8220 ; showery twenty-four hours fund. # 8221 ; George W. Bush selected Richard B. Cheney as his running mate. Three months ago, Bush plucked Cheney from his station as CEO of Halliburton Co. , a Texas building and technology outfit that services oil companies, to head the frailty presidential choice commission. ( www.infoplease.com/spot/cheney1.html ) Cheney s experience and his personal ties with the Bush household made him the favourite. The United States will be voting for president within a few hebdomads, the arguments and pre-polls have varied really much over the last few months. Each campaigner has been in the lead so out of the lead, it will be a close race until the terminal. Bush and Gore have some thoughts that are the same, but most are different.